Lanzhou is the capital of Gansu province, China. The Yellow River flows across Lanzhou, is the capital of Gansu Province. With a population of 2.83 million people, it is one of the largest cities in the northwest, and this concentration has done little to improve the pollution that thickens the air and that flows downriver. Lanzhou was also in the past called the "Gold City", due to the precious metal that was found here. It was this discovery, along with the fact that the city was a significant fortress (for around 1,400 years) of the Hexi Corridor, an eastern and crucial stretch of the Silk Road, that led to a long period of great prosperity in the city.